The year 2000
Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
provides criteria for diagnosing ADHD. The criteria are presented here
in modified form in order to make them more accessible to the general
public. They are listed here for information purposes and should be used
only by trained health care providers to diagnose or treat ADHD.
DSM-IV
Criteria for ADHD
I. Either A or B:
Six or more
of the following symptoms of inattention have been present for at least
6 months to a point that is disruptive and inappropriate for
developmental level:
Inattention
- Often
does not give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in
schoolwork, work, or other activities.
- Often has
trouble keeping attention on tasks or play activities.
- Often
does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
- Often
does not follow instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores,
or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or
failure to understand instructions).
- Often has
trouble organizing activities.
- Often
avoids, dislikes, or doesn't want to do things that take a lot of
mental effort for a long period of time (such as schoolwork or
homework).
- Often
loses things needed for tasks and activities (e.g. toys, school
assignments, pencils, books, or tools).
- Is often
easily distracted.
- Is often
forgetful in daily activities.
Six or more
of the following symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity have been present
for at least 6 months to an extent that is disruptive and inappropriate
for developmental level:
Hyperactivity
- Often
fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.
- Often
gets up from seat when remaining in seat is expected.
- Often
runs about or climbs when and where it is not appropriate (adolescents
or adults may feel very restless).
- Often has
trouble playing or enjoying leisure activities quietly.
- Is often
"on the go" or often acts as if "driven by a motor".
- Often
talks excessively.
Impulsivity
- Often
blurts out answers before questions have been finished.
- Often has
trouble waiting one's turn.
- Often
interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or
games).
- Some
symptoms that cause impairment were present before age 7 years.
- Some
impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g.
at school/work and at home).
There must
be clear evidence of significant impairment in social, school, or work
functioning.
The symptoms
do not happen only during the course of a Pervasive Developmental
Disorder, Schizophrenia, or other Psychotic Disorder. The symptoms are
not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g. Mood Disorder,
Anxiety Disorder, Dissociative Disorder, or a Personality Disorder).
Based on
these criteria, three types of ADHD are identified:
ADHD,
Combined Type: if both criteria 1A and 1B are met for the past 6 months
ADHD,
Predominantly Inattentive Type: if criterion 1A is met but criterion 1B
is not met for the past six months
ADHD,
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: if Criterion 1B is met but
Criterion 1A is not met for the past six months.
American
Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC, American
Psychiatric Association, 2000. |